Lesson 12: Basic Conjunctions

Lesson 12: Basic Conjunctions

Vocabulary:
And (و)
Or (أو)
But (لكن)
So (لذلك)
Because (لأن)
If (إذا)
Although (على الرغم من)
While (بينما)
As (كما)
Since (منذ)

Conversation:
John: Hi, what are you doing today?
Jane: I'm going to the park.
John: Really? I'm going to the movies.
Jane: That's cool, do you want to come with me to the park?
John: No, I think I'll stick with the movies. But I heard it's a good day for a picnic.
Jane: Yes, it's a beautiful day. So, let's plan a picnic for the weekend.
John: Sounds good to me!

Grammar:
       -- Conjunctions are words used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.
الروابط هي كلمات تستخدم لربط الكلمات أو العبارات أو الجمل
      --There are several types of conjunctions, including coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions.
---Coordinating conjunctions: "and," "or," "but," "yet," and "so."
And: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses to express addition.
Example: I like coffee and tea.
أنا أحب القهوة والشاي.
But: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses to express contrast.
Example: I would like to go to the beach, but I have work to do.
أود أن أذهب إلى الشاطئ، ولكن لدي عمل للقيام به.

Or: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses to present a choice or alternative.

Example: Do you want to go to the movies or stay at home?
هل تريد أن تذهب إلى السينما أو تبقى في المنزل؟
Nor: used to connect two negative statements to express the idea of "neither...nor."
Example: He neither drinks coffee nor tea.
لا يشرب القهوة ولا الشاي.
Yet: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses to express contrast or addition.
Example: She is tired, yet she continues to work.
تعبت، ولكنها تواصل العمل.
So: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses to express the result of a previous statement.
Example: She was tired, so she went to bed early.
كانت متعبة، لذلك ذهبت إلى الفراش مبكرا.
---Correlative conjunctions: "both...and," "either...or," and "neither...nor."
Both...and - used to join two words, phrases, or clauses that are similar or equally important
Example: Both the sun and the moon were shining in the sky.
كل من الشمس والقمر يشرقان في السماء
Not only...but also - used to join two words, phrases, or clauses that are similar or equally important
Example: Not only did she bake a cake, but she also made cookies.
لم تكن تخبز كعكة فحسب، بل أيضاً صنعت بسكويت.
Either...or - used to show a choice between two possibilities
Example: You can either have pizza or salad for lunch.
يمكنك أن تختار بيتزا أو سلطة لتناول الغداء.
Neither...nor - used to show a negative choice between two possibilities
Example: Neither the dog nor the cat wants to اgo for a walk.
لا الكلب و لا القط يرغبان في الذهاب للمشي.
---Subordinating conjunctions: "because," "since," "after," "if," "although," and "while."
Example 1: After she finished her homework, she watched TV.
بعد أن أنهت واجباتها المدرسية ، شاهدت التلفزيون.
Example 2: Although it was raining, they went to the park.
على الرغم من هطول الأمطار ، ذهبوا إلى الحديقة.
Example 3: Before she left, she hugged her children.
قبل أن تغادر، عانقت اطفالها.
Example 4: Because she was tired, she went to bed early.
لأنها كانت متعبة ، ذهبت إلى الفراش مبكرا.
Example 5: Since it was cold outside, she stayed inside.
منذ أن كان الجو باردًا في الخارج، بقيت في الداخل.
Example 6: Unless she studies hard, she won't pass the exam.
إذا لم تدرس بجد، لن تجتاز الامتحان

Exercise:

Complete the sentences by adding the appropriate conjunction.
You want to go to the beach _____ stay at home. (and, or)
He is tall _____ strong. (so, and)
She loves to read books _____ watch movies. (or, since)
I can't come to the party _____ I have a lot of work to do. (because, although)
I have been studying English for 2 years _____ I am still not fluent. (but, unless)